Coastal erosion on the Isle of Anglesey: challenges and future planning
Understanding coastal erosion
The Isle of Anglesey’s coastline is constantly shaped by natural forces - waves, tides, and storms. These processes, combined with rising sea levels, lead to the gradual loss of land and increased risk to communities, infrastructure, and habitats.
Roles and responsibilities
Coastal protection and flood risk management in the UK are governed by two key pieces of legislation:
- Coast Protection Act 1949 Under the Act, the Isle of Anglesey County Council is the designated Coast Protection Authority for Anglesey.
- The Act gives Coast Protection Authorities the powers to implement coastal defence works, including sea walls, groynes, and revetments, but such works are guided by the Shoreline Management Plan.
Flood and Water Management Act 2010
- Introduces a strategic framework for managing flood and coastal erosion risks.
- Responsibilities are shared:
- Natural Resources Wales provides national oversight and guidance.
- Local Authorities act as Lead Local Flood Authorities, developing local strategies and maintaining public defences.
- Encourages collaboration between agencies to ensure integrated and sustainable solutions.
The Shoreline Management Plan (SMP)
Anglesey is part of the West of Wales SMP2, a long-term plan covering the next 100 years. SMPs are essential because they:
- assess risks from coastal erosion and flooding.
- set policies for each stretch of coastline: Hold the Line, Managed Realignment, or No Active Intervention.
- integrate environmental considerations and community needs.
Why SMP matters in the face of climate change
Climate change is accelerating sea level rise and increasing storm intensity.
The SMP provides:
- adaptation Strategies: Phased interventions based on risk triggers.
- environmental protection: compliance with habitat and water quality regulations.
- future resilience: a coordinated approach to safeguard communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems.
Moving forward
The Shoreline Management Plan is not just a technical document- it’s a roadmap for facing the future. By planning ahead, the SMP helps balance protection, sustainability, and adaptation in the face of an uncertain climate.